Volume 18, Issue 12 (March 2021)                   Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2021, 18(12): 933-941 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

kalantari meybodi M S, alizadeh S. THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON PREGNANCY: A REVIEW STUDY. Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2021; 18 (12) :933-941
URL: http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4258-en.html
1- Department of Persian medicine, college of Persian medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
2- MSc Student in Health Services Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author) , smy.alz64@gmail.com
Abstract:   (9033 Views)
Background & Aims: In December 2019, the COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and the World Health Organization declared its outbreak an international concern. Pregnant women are among the high-risk groups that COVID-19 can have a significant impact on their health. Since COVID-19 can increase maternal and fetal mortality, this narrative review study was performed to evaluate the complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Materials & Methods: This study reviews data from several reliable databases such as PubMed, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, and Scopus, without time limit until October 2020. The keywords included "Pregnancy", "Pregnant women", and "COVID-19". According to the inclusion criteria, finally, 26 articles were included in the study. Results: In this study, most reported maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with COVID-19 include thrombotic events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, fetal distress, preterm delivery, postpartum fever, PROM, vaginal bleeding, and preeclampsia. The most common effect of COVID-19 during pregnancy is on the coagulation, immune and cardiopulmonary systems, which is mostly due to the stimulation of the immune system. It can also affect the coagulation system and cause thrombotic events. Conclusion: It seems that COVID-19 can increase the severity of the disease and its complications in pregnant women and threaten the health of the mother and fetus.
Full-Text [PDF 503 kb]   (1982 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Review article | Subject: مامایی

References
1. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun 2020;109:102433. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433] [PMID] [PMCID]
2. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Kim J-M, Chung Y-S, Jo HJ, Lee N-J, Kim MS, Woo SH, et al. Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):3-7. [DOI:10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.02] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-13. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7] [PMID]
5. Trocado V, Silvestre-Machado J, Azevedo L, Miranda A, Nogueira-Silva C. Pregnancy and COVID-19: a systematic review of maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020:1-13. [DOI:10.1080/14767058.2020.1781809] [PMID]
6. Schwartz DA, Graham AL. Potential maternal and infant outcomes from (Wuhan) coronavirus 2019-nCoV infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections. Viruses 2020;12(2):194. [DOI:10.3390/v12020194] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Kucirka LM, Norton A, Sheffield JS. Severity of COVID‐19 in pregnancy: A review of current evidence. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020;84(5):e13332. [DOI:10.1111/aji.13332] [PMID]
8. Maxwell C, McGeer A, Tai KFY, Sermer M. No. 225-Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2017;39(8):e130-e7. [DOI:10.1016/j.jogc.2017.04.024] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res 2020;191:145-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013 [DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.041] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Ji H-L, Zhao R, Matalon S, Matthay MA. Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility. Physiol Rev 2020;100(3):1065-75. [DOI:10.1152/physrev.00013.2020] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Di Renzo GC, Giardina I. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: consider thromboembolic disorders and thromboprophylaxis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;223(1):135. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.017] [PMID] [PMCID]
12. Ahmed I, Azhar A, Eltaweel N, Tan BK. First COVID-19 maternal mortality in the UK associated with thrombotic complications. Br J Haematol 2020;190(1):e37-e8. [DOI:10.1111/bjh.16849]
13. Abbassi-Ghanavati M, Greer LG, Cunningham FG. Pregnancy and laboratory studies: a reference table for clinicians. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114(6):1326-31. [DOI:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c2bde8] [PMID]
14. Vlachodimitropoulou Koumoutsea E, Vivanti AJ, Shehata N, Benachi A, Le Gouez A, Desconclois C, et al. COVID-19 and acute coagulopathy in pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost 2020;18(7):1648-52. [DOI:10.1111/jth.14856] [PMID] [PMCID]
15. Chen R, Zhang Y, Huang L, Cheng B-H, Xia Z-Y, Meng Q-T. Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients. Can J Anaesth 2020;67(6):655-63. [DOI:10.1007/s12630-020-01630-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020;9(1):51-60. [DOI:10.21037/tp.2020.02.06] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, Li C, Wang M, Liu Y, et al. Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry? Clin Infect Dis 2021;72(5):862-4. [DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa226] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Liu D, Li L, Wu X, Zheng D, Wang J, Yang L, et al. Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Preliminary Analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020;215(1):127-32. [DOI:10.2214/AJR.20.23072] [PMID]
19. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama 2020;323(13):1239-42. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648] [PMID]
20. Teuwen LA, Geldhof V, Pasut A, Carmeliet P. COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed. Nat Rev Immunol 2020;20(7):389-91. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0356-8 [DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0]
21. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet 2020;395(10234):1417-8. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5] [PMID]
22. Schjenken JE, Tolosa JM, Paul JW, Clifton VL, Smith R. Mechanisms of maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy. Recent advances in research on the human placenta 2012;11:211-42. [Google Scholar]
23. Reinhard G, Noll A, Schlebusch H, Mallmann P, Ruecker AV. Shifts in the TH1/TH2 balance during human pregnancy correlate with apoptotic changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;245(3):933-8. [DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8549] [PMID]
24. Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, Lim LM, Li S, Biswas A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;222(6):521-31. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Gujski M, Humeniuk E, Bojar I. Current State of Knowledge About SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Disease in Pregnant Women. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e924725. [DOI:10.12659/MSM.924725]
26. Qiao J. What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? Lancet 2020;395(10226):760-2. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30365-2] [PMID]
27. Liu H, Wang LL, Zhao SJ, Kwak-Kim J, Mor G, Liao AH. Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint. J Reprod Immunol 2020;139:103122. [DOI:10.1016/j.jri.2020.103122] [PMID] [PMCID]
28. Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol 2020;20(6):363-74. [DOI:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8] [PMID] [PMCID]
29. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). Statpearls [internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. [URL]
30. Mol BWJ, Roberts CT, Thangaratinam S, Magee LA, de Groot CJM, Hofmeyr GJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2016;387(10022):999-1011. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00070-7] [PMID]
31. Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M, et al. Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;2(2, Supplement):100-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100107] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Abbas AM, Ahmed OA, Shaltout AS. COVID-19 and maternal pre-eclampsia: A synopsis. Scand J Immunol 2020;92(3):e12918. [DOI:10.1111/sji.12918]
33. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020;395(10226):809-15. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3] [PMID]
34. Yang R, Mei H, Zheng T, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Buka S, et al. Pregnant women with COVID-19 and risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal-fetal vertical transmission: a population-based cohort study in Wuhan, China. BMC medicine 2020;18(1):1-7. [DOI:10.1186/s12916-020-01798-1] [PMID] [PMCID]
35. Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhang J, et al. A Case Report of Neonatal 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):853-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa272 [DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa225] [PMCID]
36. Liu H, Liu F, Li J, Zhang T, Wang D, Lan W. Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. J Infect 2020;80(5):e7-e13. [DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.007] [PMID] [PMCID]
37. Algeri P, Stagnati V, Spazzini MD, Bellan C, Montanelli A, Patelli G, et al. Considerations on COVID-19 pregnancy: a cases series during outbreak in Bergamo Province, North Italy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020:1-4. [DOI:10.1080/14767058.2020.1791817] [PMID]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Nursing And Midwifery Journal

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb