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 The Study of the Psychometric Properties of the 6-Item Version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) amongest Iranian Women  GHassami M[1]*, SHaeiri MR[2], Asgari Mogadam MA[3], Rahmati N[4]  Received: 5 Jul , 2014 Accepted: 10 Sep , 2014  Abstract  Background &Aims : Often, practitioners avoid investigating sexual symptoms due to concerns of insufficient time or lack of proper and rapid tools to address female sexual dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the 6-Item Version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) amongst a sample of healthy Iranian women.  Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 650 married women inhabitants of Tehran and 107 women with sexual dysfunctions were selected via a convenient sampling. These participants completed the Persian versions of FSFI-6, Female Sexual Distress Scale Revised (FSDS-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) and Locke & Wallace-Marital Adjustment Test (LWMAT).The construct validity and the convergent and divergent validity of the FSFI-6 were examined by using exploratory factor analysis and Pearson correlations, respectively. To examine the discriminant validity of the FSFI-6, data collected from 650 healthy participants, and they were compared with 107 women having sexual problems.  Results: The results of the exploratory factor analyses indicated that the FSFI-6 is conceptualized within a one factor model. Results also indicated that the FSDS-R has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Significant correlations were seen in the predicted directions between the FSFI-6 scores with the scores of FSDS-R, DASS, PANAS and LWMAT which support both the convergent and divergent validity for the FSFI-6. The results also indicated that the scores of the FSFI-6 significantly differentiated woman with and without sexual problems.  Conclusions: In general, these findings support the reliability and validity of the Persian version of FSFI-6, so it can be used as a rapid and accurate tool in screening, research and clinical situations among Iranian women.  Key words: sexual dysfunction, Factor Analysis, reliability and validity  Address: Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran   Tel: (+98) 3482219348,Fax:(+98)3482219348  Email: ghasami.62@gmail.com    [1] PhD Student , Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding Author) [2] Associate professor, Department of Psychology,Faculty of Human Sciences,Shahed University, Tehran, Iran   [3] professor, Department of Psychology,Faculty of Human Sciences,Shahed University, Tehran, Iran   [4] MSc, Department of Psychology,Faculty of Human Sciences,Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 

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 Comparison of clustered care with three and four procedures on behavioral responses of preterm infants: Randomized crossover clinical trial  Valizadeh L[1], Avazeh M [2]*, Hosseini MB[3], Asghari Jafarabadi M[4], Conneman N[5], Babaei N[6]  Received: 13 Jul , 2014 Accepted: 15 Sep , 2014  Abstract  Background & Aims: Preterm infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are under repeated stress, and they are suffering from sleep deprivation. In this respect, one of recommended strategies is clustered care. On the other hand, direct observation of infant behaviors has been emphasized at time of nursing care. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral responses in preterm infants in clustered care with three and four noninvasive procedures.  Materials & Methods: This study was a randomized crossover clinical trial performed in NICU of Al-Zahra teaching hospital, Tabriz, Iran in 2013. Thirty one preterm infants were studied at 32 weeks age by clustered care with three and four procedures, and observable behavioral symptoms were assessed. The analysis of data was done with the use of STATA 10 software at 0.05 significant level.  Results: The findings showed that mean of behavioral symptoms indicated stability in before, during and after of clustered care with three procedures, and it was 1.48, 2.03, 2.45 respectively, and four procedures 2.68, 4.23, 2.87 and behavioral symptoms indicative stress of three procedures were 2.06, 2.52, 1.97 and four procedures 2.97, 4.03, 3.03. Significant differences were not found in before and after phases between two interventions but it was significant during phase (P=0.035).  Conclusion: Although clustered care with three procedures can be assumed more acceptable, clustered care with four procedures is shown acceptable too, both of them could be recommended for preterm infants.  Key words: Preterm infants, clustering, caring, behavioral symptoms   Address: Nursing & Midwifery faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.  Tel: (+98)4114796770,Fax:(+98)4114796969  Email: M.avazeh@yahoo.com    [1]Associate professor, academic member, Nursing & Midwifery faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.    [2] MS students, Nursing & Midwifery faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. (Corresponding Author)  [3]Associate professor of Neonatology, academic member, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.    [4] PhD, Assistant Professor of Road Traffic Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.  [5] Neonatologist and Senior NIDCAP trainer at ErasmusMC_Sophia Childrens Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.  [6] MS students, Nursing & Midwifery faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

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 The evaluating EFFECT OF education on knowledge and attitude of nulliparous women toward the delivery method  Malakouti J[1], Alidoost N[2]*, Mohaddesi H[3],Sattarzadeh Jahdi N[4], Asghari Jafarabadi M[5], Salehi Pourmehr H[6]  Received: 14 Jul, 2014 Accepted: 16 Sep , 2014  Abstract:  Background &Aims: Sharp increase in the cesarean rate, has become the major problem in health care system. Wrong believes, wrong attitudes, and lack of awareness are the base of decision making toward delivery method. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of education on knowledge and attitude of pregnant women.  Materials & Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 200 nulliparous women (gestational age 24 to 32 W) in Boukan district, without normal vaginal delivery (NVD) ban, randomly allocated into control and training group with equal size (95). Four weekly educational sessions held for training group. A validated Questionnaire was used for data collection. Paired and independent T test and analysis of covariance at a significance level of 5% were used to compare group mean scores.  Results: The increase in scores of knowledge (from 2.79 to 12.29) and attitude (from 47.24 to 54.98) in training group was statistically significant. In the control group, changes in the scores of knowledge (from 3.61 to 4.10) and attitude (45.99 to 46.80) were not significant. The scores of knowledge and attitude changed significantly  before and after in both groups(P

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 The effect of Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Physiological indicators in patients unde rgoing coronary Angiography   Abstract   Background & Aim: The aim of this study was comparison of Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy on anxiety levels of patients experiencing coronary angiography.   Materials & Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental three groups clinical trial. Community search was patients with undergoing coronary angiography.   This study was performed on 102 patients hospitalized for coronary angiography in S ari Fatemeh-Zahra hospital , Iran in 2013 .They were selected based on purposive sampling and randomly divided to control(n=33), Benson Relaxation(n=34)and Aromatherapy(n=33 ) groups. Spielberger scale was used to measure the anxiety , and the data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytic statistics.   Results : After using Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy, the anxiety level decreased significantly . The difference was significant (p < 0/05) between the mean numbers of Benson Relaxation and control groups , and between Aromatherapy and control groups . B ut the results showed no significant statistical difference between the Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy groups after the intervention . The variables of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate in the Aromas and Relaxation groups reduced significantly comparing to the control group.   Conclusion: According to finding of this study, using aromatherapy and relaxation before stressful situation s like diagnostic technics, could be used to keep anxiety level in normal range. F or de creasing anxiety , applying complementary methods are highly recommended .   Keywords: Anxiety, Benson Relaxation, Aromatherapy, Vital Sign, Coronary angiography     Address: Department of Nursing, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran.   Tel: (+98)9112514100   Email: htahmaseni@iausari.ac.ir

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Received: 15 Oct, 2015 Accepted: 21 Dec, 2015 Background & Aims: Nurses are responsible for a noticeable number of invasive procedures of hospitalized neonates in ICU, and recently, making error has risen in guarding endangered infants. Nurse has maximum relational friction surface, care and therapeutic contact with human client therefore, they could be one of the most problematic parts of the management of human errors. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study is determining the types of nursing errors in gastric tube insertion procedure of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units in Sanandaj in 2013. In this descriptive study, 28 employed nurses were chosen in neonatal intensive care units in Besat and Tamin Ejtemaei hospitals. The data were gathered through a researcher-made checklist by direct observations of the nurses. Each nurse was observed four times. The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 13.   Results: The findings revealed that in all observations the most common error in gastric tube insertion of preterm infants is related to implementation stage, registration stage, and preparation stage respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that the most common type of nursing error in gastric tube insertion of preterm infants occurs in implementation stage. These errors can be prevented to a large degree by changing and improving the educational process and through an educational planning by officials of nursing education.

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Background & Aim: Nurse prescribing is one of the important issues which has been paid attention recently. For correct implementation in Iran, we must first assess the benefits of that in developed countries. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of nurses prescribing worldwide which has been recorded in different countries. Materials & Methods: This study is an integrated review. Elsevier, PubMed and Google Scholar Databases were searched by keyword of nurse prescribing. Of the 125 824 eligible articles, 28 articles were selected. Finally, the data were classified, summarized and, analyzed. Results: Selected articles were established in 4 host countries. Nurse prescribing benefits in three areas of benefit to the patient, to the nurse, and to the organization were classified. Conclusion: Nurses prescribing is acceptable, and it requires some conditions, In case of satisfying these conditions, it can be associated with the valuable benefits.

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Background & Aims: Cancer is one of the most serious chronic diseases and risk factors of public health. Of those, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Today, some researchers in the field of clinical psychology by implementing psychosocial interventions, are following to study its effect on the patients with breast cancer and their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intimate relationship skills training on increasing adjustment and marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer was conducted. Material & Methods: A total of 24 women with breast cancer of the patients reffered to the center of Radiation Oncology of Imam Reza (AS) in Mashhad by available sampling method selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 subjects were assigned to intervention and control. Subjects in both pre-test and post-test were measured by Enrich marital satisfaction and marital adjustment Harmvhan Singh questionnaires. The experiment group received 8 sessions of 1.5 hours of the intimate relationship skills training and the control group received no intervention. Data using SPSS software and with univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were analyzed. Results: The intervention group than the control group showed a significant increase in the marital adjustment and satisfaction. Conclusion: intimate relationship skills training (PAIRS) can be effective in increasing marital adjustment and satisfaction.

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Background & Aim: In order to improve patient safety were forced to strengthen the safety of monitoring systems. It is also necessary to reform its weaknesses and to develop it among the staff. This study aimed to determine the status of patient safety culture in the Medical Center of Imam Reza in Tabriz and factors affecting it. Methods & Materials: This study is a descriptive-correlational research. The study population included surgical nurses. The data collection instrument included Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis were employed using SPSS V20 statistical software. Results: In the dimensions of patient safety culture, the highest mean scores are related to dimensions of organizational learning- continuous improvement, support of hospital management of safety and general perception of safety culture, and the lowest mean scores are related to dimension of teamwork between organizational units, matters related to employees and non-punitive response to errors. Pearson correlation test results in age (P

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Background & Aims: Empathy is an essential element in midwifery practice, which also has an essential role in creating and quality communication with the patient. Effective, warm and Empathy communication, improved clinical outcomes in the treatment and it is important to increase patient motivation to participate in treatment. Given the importance of empathy in relationship quality and outcomes treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Empathy in midwifery students. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1394. In this study, all midwifery students in semester 5 and 7, and 219 pregnant mothers participated. For each student, three pregnant women were enrolled. In order to assess the student's Empathy performance, a modified questionnaire for the patient-perceived of the physician's empathy (JSPPPE) was completed by the participating pregnant mothers and to assess empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Physician Health Professional version (JSPE-HP) was completed by student self-assessment method. Results: The mean scores of JSPPPE were (89.38±9.58) and the mean scores of JSE-HP were (80.36±60.1). Statistical tests showed that there is a significant relationship between Empathy performance and some demographic data. Conclusion: The results of this study show that is good Empathy skills in Midwifery students, however, given the importance of empathy in improving clinical outcomes, strengthening empathy between students and patients seems necessary.

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Background & Aim: Studies in the field of clinical competence assessment of midwifery students and related factors have contradictory and sometimes unexpected results. Given the role of clinical competence in the quality of midwifery care and Its importance in protecting the health of mothers and babies, This study aims to Determining the extent of achieving clinical competencies and its relation with some of the demographic factors in midwifery students. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 73 midwifery students and 438 pregnant women in 2015. Data was collected using clinical competence questionnaire, which was completed in two ways by self-assessment and assessment by researcher. Data analysis was performed applying Descriptive statistics, Spearman and Pearson correlations tests and One-way ANOVA test in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Midwifery students assessed their clinical competence with a mean (109.84 ± 12.12) at a good level and the researcher the clinical competence of midwifery students with mean (70.92 ± 17.41) At the Medium level. The results of the study showed there is a significant difference between the self-assessment and evaluation by the researcher (p 0.05). Also, there is a significant and positive correlation between self-assessment of clinical competency and marital status (p

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Background & Aim: Career success as an important concept, is associated with many professional and work outcomes such as error and absenteeism. Despite the importance of success in career, this concept is not clearly recognized in nursing. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of nurses' career success. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 530 nurses working in educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2017. Random cluster sampling was performed and the data was collected using demographic and nurses' career success scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression test in SPSS-21. Results: The mean and standard deviation of nurses' success score was 139.14 ± 12.82 (range= 39-195). According to the results of the regression, kind of the ward and documented incentive predicted 13.5% of the variance of career success. Conclusion: According to the results, variables that indicate horizontal improvement and capacity enhancement can play a role in nursing career success. Also, since this study is one of the first studies in the field of nurses' career success, the results of this study can be used as a guide for nursing managers and nursing instructors in order to improve the position and success of nursing profession.

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Background & Aims: Smoking is one of the most common causes of death around the world, and it influences the physical and mental health of people. The rate of choosing a healthy lifestyle in men is less than that of women and the health of men working in field of health plays an important role in providing health services to people. So, the current research was conducted to examine the relationship between nicotine dependence and general health among male smokers at Urmia University of Medical Sciences.  Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 350 male smoker employees at Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Subjects were selected using convenient and targeted sampling. Research questionnaires included a 28-Question general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Fagerstrom’s Test for nicotine dependence. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS-16 software. Results: The mean score for nicotine dependence and general health were 3.33 ± 2.31 (range of scores was from 0 to 10) and 23.60 ± 13.27 (range of scores from 0-84), respectively. In general, findings revealed a significant and direct correlation between general health scores and nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Subjects with less nicotine dependence showed a better health status. Reducing nicotine dependence can help improve physical and mental health of subjects and it can also help reduce the likelihood of depression and anxiety disorders.

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Background & Aim: Based on recommendations from World Health Organization (WHO), hands hygiene is the first step for infection control. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and performance of mothers about hands hygiene in NICU. Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants included 132 mothers with preterm newborns hospitalized in NICU of Al-Zahra teaching hospital, affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Data was collected by two questionnaires for demographics and knowledge on hand hygiene and checklist to evaluate the techniques of hand washing as recommended by WHO. The results were analyzed by SPSS, V19. Results: The results of the present study showed that the majority of mothers considered that the frequent visits to the cause of infection and they stated that only reason for hand washing is dirty hands. Most of them only rubbed their hands together, in the process of washing hands and they did not follow the stages of hand washing as recommended by WHO. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that maternal knowledge and performance in hand hygiene were not acceptable. Considering the developmental of family center care and involving mothers in the care of their infants, it's essential to pay attention to the mothers hand hygiene. By identifying the gap of between the standards and the actual performance, the opportunities for promotion and training are provided to them, until unknowingly and unwittingly, they do not transmit the infection to their infants.

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Background & Aims: Today, the elderly population is on the rise, and incurable and chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis are one of their main problems. On the other hand, some high-risk health behaviors, such as smoking, are also common among the elderly. Given the role that social support can play in controlling chronic diseases and high-risk health behaviors such as smoking, the present study aimed to determine social support and smoking in the elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 384 elderly patients with osteoarthritis who were referred to the clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Science. Sampling method was two stages cluster sampling. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (independent t-test) by SPSS16 software. Results: The results of the present study showed that 16.8% of the elderly with osteoarthritis were smokers and 83.2% of the elderly with osteoarthritis were non-smokers. The rate of social support (family and others) in the non-smoker elderly with osteoarthritis was higher than smoker elderly and among different dimensions, the highest rate was related to family support. Conclusion: Due to the higher rate of smoking in the elderly with osteoarthritis and the important role of social support, especially family support, the importance of supportive social communication for families should be clarified through educational interventions to reduce the prevalence of smoking.

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Background & Aims: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide as well as in Iran. These patients have a wide range of sexual problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the state of sex function in patients with coronary artery disease. Materials & Methods: In a descriptive correlation study, sexual function among patients with coronary artery disease were examined in 253 patients. The data were collected at the Tabriz Shahid Madani Hospital cardiac clinic during the first six months of 1397. Participants were involved with the study using the convenience sampling method. Demographic and treatment-related data with a demographic questionnaire and sexual function data in men and women with standard male sexual function questionnaire (MSHQ-Men Sexual Health Questionnaire) and standard questionnaire of female sexual function index (FSFI-Female Sexual Function Index), respectively, were collected by interview. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, out of a total of 253 patients, 54.5% were men and the remaining were women and the average age was 51.99±6.65. According to the male sexual function survey, the total sexual function score was 53.46 ±90 out of 80. The rating of the ejaculation dimension was superior to other dimensions. The overall score for the female sexual function was 24.42 ±4.43 out of 36. Women reported the highest score for sexual pain (5.55±.57) and the lowest score for sexual desire (2.83± 1.09). The total score on the questionnaire indicated that 74.4 women had a poor sexual function. Among all women, 27% had no sexual function during the last month. Sexual function was also significantly associated with certain demographic and pathological characteristics such as age, level of education, economic status, Ejection fraction, length of illness, and history of infarction. Conclusion: Sexual function in these patients, particularly in women, is severely affected. Health care providers should be more attention to the sexual problems of these patients.

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Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and is associated with a significant mortality rate. The survival rate in colorectal cancer is completely related to the time of its diagnosis and so screening is a valuable method for its early detection. This study was performed to determine the predictive factors for participation in colorectal cancer screening based on the BASNEF model. Materials & Methods: This is a predictive correlational study that was performed on 576 subjects over the age of 50 in Tabriz in 2019. The sampling method was multi-stage clustering method. To collect the data, a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of BASNEF model were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: Only 20.4% of patients reported a history of performing fecal occult blood test and 9.5% of patients reported a history of colonoscopy. Based on linear regression modeling, among BASNEF model’s constructs, knowledge and subjective norm and also marital status, smoking and education were significantly related to colorectal cancer screening participation (p

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Background & Aims: Delirium is a fluctuating cognitive disorder that early diagnosis of it, reduces complications and mortality while accelerating treatment and decreasing costs. There is various used for detection and screening delirium one of which is the CAM-ICU. The present study aimed to compare the effects of multimedia and traditional methods on nurses’ knowledge and performance in applying the CAM-ICU criterion in the patients admitted to intensive care units of Educational-Medical Centers of Khoy University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This study was performed using a clinical trial method with parallel groups. To achieve the research objectives, 80 subjects were selected from Educational-Medical Centers of Khoy University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Then they were randomly divided into two groups of multimedia and traditional methods. They then completed Knowledge Questionnaire and Performance Checklist as pretest and posttest after the intervention in both groups. Data were then coded and analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between any of the qualitative variables of nurses in the intervention and control groups. Also, in terms of knowledge levels, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention. However, the mean performance score changed from 2.450 to 4.575 and their knowledge changed from 10.17 to 13.10 (P

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Background & Aim: Cancer is one of the most important health-related issue in Iran and Worldwide. Cancer-related fatigue can persist even years after chemotherapy, and fatigue reduces the person's ability to work, activity, and trying to maintain a normal life. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the level of fatigue of the patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Materials & Methods: This is a semi experimental study in which 80 people were selected by convenience sampling method from the patients of blood 1 and 2 sections who were hospitalized in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia city, Iran. The family-centered empowerment model was enrolle in 4 main steps included: 1- understanding the threat, 2- promoting self-efficacy/problem solving, 3- promoting self-confidence and self-esteem through educational participation, and 4- evaluating the accomplishment of the task; These procedures were performed for the intervention group during 3 months in the 2nd Blood Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. Cancer fatigue scale tool and demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test using STATA version 12 software.
Results: At the beginning of the study, the two intervention and control groups did not have a significant difference in terms of the average fatigue score (p=0.649). After the intervention, the average fatigue score of the intervention group (34.57 ± 4.10) decreased significantly compared to the control group (46.77 ± 5.43) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that empowering the family members responsible for the care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy has reduced the level of fatigue in the patients. Nurses are advised to help them reduce the side effects of chemotherapy by applying the family-oriented empowerment model and consciously involving the patient and family in making decisions to improve their health.

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Clinical reasoning is an essential competency for experienced and qualified nurses. Therefore, nurses must acquire clinical reasoning skills before entering the clinical field. Evidence shows that nursing education focusing on clinical reasoning can enhance nurses' ability to handle complex and unstable situations when dealing with patients. As per the curriculum approved by the Ministry of Health, one of the primary objectives of nursing courses is to enhance the clinical reasoning abilities of students. To achieve this goal, there are several educational methods that nursing students can utilize, such as being active in learning, critical thinking and problem solving, interdisciplinary communication, metacognition, simulation, constructive feedback, perception and mentoring. In general, nursing education requires long-term strategies that enhance the clinical reasoning competence of nursing students in order to train competent and self-assured nurses.