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Received: 22 Nov, 2015 Accepted: 30 Jan, 2016 Abstract Background & Aims: Infertility can cause critics al for many infertile people. This study aimed to investigate the effects of group counseling by collaborative approaches on specific stress in infertile women Material & Methods: This study is clinical trial. In this study, 50 infertile women at the age of 20-45 years old with a history of at least one year infertility who referred to Urmia Kosar infertility clinic were selected in autumn, 2014. They were randomly assigned into two groups, control and intervention (each group of 25 people). Pre-test was completed by control group, two weeks later the questionnaire was completed by the control group again. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group counseling, including infertility treatment strategy, stress management, problem solving. Controlling the irrational beliefs of infertility was conducted. Two weeks after the intervention, post test was completed for intervention group. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: After the intervention, a significant difference was seen between the two groups (P = 0.002). The specific stress of infertility in both groups were compared in five domains of social concerns, sexual concerns, relationship concerns, rejection of childfree lifestyle, and need for parenthood. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Group counseling with collaborative approach has important role in reducing the stress of infertility among infertile women.

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Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fetal movement counting on the maternal-fetal attachment in primiparous women. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 110 pregnant women which were selected by available sampling from primigravid pregnant women referred to the therapeutic centers of social security of Urmia in 2017: The demographic information, GHQ28 questionnaire, and Cranley's MFAS were used for data collection. Before the intervention, the demographic information and the Cranley's questionnaires were completed for both groups. After training the fetal movement counting to the intervention group, they all received fetal movement counting form and a ribbon. They were asked to count and record fetal movements every day for two weeks and tie the ribbon. The control group only received the routine care. The intervention group delivered the form and ribbon after two weeks. Both groups re-completed MFA questionnaire. The mean scores of MFA before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: The mean score for MFA before the intervention was 3/93 ± 0.48 and 3/87 ±0.55 in intervention and control groups, respectively. However, after the intervention, the mean score was 4/06±0.45 and 3/84±0.54 and they were statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion: Counting fetal movements by the mother during pregnancy increases maternal attachment to the fetus. This promotes the mental health, social maternal health, and fetal health.

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Background & Aims: Female circumcision is considered as one of the health problems of women in some societies, including Iran, and includes all methods that lead to damage or removal of part or all of the female reproductive system based on cultural goals or other non-medical reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women referring to the maternity ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Piranshahr city regarding circumcision in 2020. Materials & Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 320 pregnant women (160 in the circumcised group and 160 in the uncircumcised group) who were referred to the maternity ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Piranshahr city were selected by convenience sampling method. Necessary information was collected through demographic information form, maternal characteristics assessment form (during pregnancy), researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge, and attitude towards circumcision questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was coded in SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean age of circumcised and uncircumcised women was 28.92±6 6.2 and 25.42±4. 4.8 years, respectively. In both groups, most women had a low level of knowledge about circumcision but the knowledge of circumcised women was higher than uncircumcised women and a statistically significant difference existed in terms of knowledge about circumcision (p = 0.006). The results also showed that in both groups, there was a negative attitude towards circumcision but uncircumcised women had a more negative attitude towards circumcision, which is statistically significant (p = 0.001). The linear regression model showed that among the variables, age, education, place of birth, and income were statistically significant in increasing the awareness of pregnant women (p

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Background & Aims: Sexual self-esteem, a person's perception of his sexual attractiveness, is closely related to the quality of his/her sexual relationship. Problems caused by breast cancer intensify the negative effects on the survival of patients and can neutralize the effects of treatments. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of sexual self-esteem and its related factors in the breast cancer survivors. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 91 women surviving breast cancer referred to educational and research centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2019 by convenience sampling method. The tools used in this study included demographic and sexual self-esteem questionnaires. To study the descriptive characteristics of the population, frequency tables and graphs have been used. One-Way ANOVA test was used to examine the relationship between sexual self-esteem and demographic variables. Results: The mean score of sexual self-esteem was 104.09±25.20. There were not any significant relationships between sexual self-esteem and its subscales with any of the demographic variables. Conclusions: Women who survived breast cancer have not desirable self-esteem. It seems that the findings of this study would be effective for planning treatment for breast cancer survivors.