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Evidence-based practice, as a new paradigm for healthcare practice and medical education, has become a core competence for the new century healthcare professionals and thereby, it is now possible for healthcare professionals to easily retrieve, critically appraise, and apply evidence from primary and secondary quantitative research. However, despite the increasing growth of qualitative research in the field of healthcare and the importance of the use of evidence from qualitative research in clinical decision-making and practice, the retrieval, appraisal, and application of qualitative evidence have been neglected in the principles of evidence-based practice. This editorial briefly introduces the SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type) framework as an alternative to the PICO (Population/Problem, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison/Control, Outcome) framework for systematic retrieval of qualitative evidence.

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Background & Aim: One of the basic and important needs of hemodialysis patients is vascular access. Nursing students as members of the health team and future nurses, play an essential role in the safety management of hemodialysis patients and therefore, their training is important to support patient safety. Today, evidence-based education with the objective of explicit and rational use of the best common evidence provides sufficient and necessary knowledge in the field of safe and effective management of patients according to evidence-based guidelines for nursing students. Therefore, the present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of evidence-based education on the knowledge of nursing students in the care of hemodialysis vascular access in 2021.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 65 fourth-year nursing students of Urmia College of Nursing and Midwifery were selected and divided into two intervention and control groups. Then, in the intervention group, evidence-based training was provided to students in 4 sessions each for 1.5 to 2 hours, but the control group did not receive any training. Information was collected with demographic information and hemodialysis vascular access questionnaires, and analyzed and compared using SPSS version 16 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that the knowledge scores of nursing students before the intervention did not differ significantly between the two groups (p=0.749). However, the scores of awareness after the intervention were significantly different in the two groups (p=0.0001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the scores of knowledge of nursing students about hemodialysis vascular access at the beginning and end of the study in the control group (p=0.107). Also, the scores before and after the knowledge of the students in the intervention group were significantly different (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the implementation of evidence-based education was effective on the awareness of vascular access among nursing students. Therefore, it is suggested to emphasize the importance of knowledge of evidence-based guidelines in order to promote the transfer of theoretical knowledge to the bedside for nursing students.

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Background & Aim: Postmodernism is an intellectual, social, cultural, artistic, and moral evolutionist movement in the contemporary era. Nursing theorists consider postmodernism essential for formulating and presenting a care program because rethinking, critical thinking, and evidence-based training and practice are the main concepts of this philosophical thinking. The present study reviewed the available literature and evidence about postmodernism as an evidence-based approach to nursing.
Materials & Methods: In this study, a non-systematic narrative review method was used. Articles were searched using the keywords Postmodern, Postmodernism, Evidence-Based Practice, and Nursing. The search for Persian and English articles was done in the internal databases of SID and Magiran and external databases of PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct without time and methodological limitations. A total of 207 articles were found, and after reviewing the articles, 18 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.
Results: The results showed that the five features of postmodernism in evidence-based nursing science include "decentralization in care practice," "attention to patient values," "strengthening decision-making and clinical reasoning," "reflection and critical thinking in evidence," and "interaction and communication therapy."
Conclusion: Since the postmodernist theory shares many concepts with the evidence-based approach, this point of view can be used to increase the standards of education and care in nursing. Therefore, it is suggested that respected nurses consider using this approach. Also, professors, clinical nursing trainers, and nursing managers should pay more attention to applying this important approach.

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Background & Aim: Skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn is one of the most important standards of care in the first hour of birth. It is necessary to empower midwives during childbirth to promote skin-to-skin contact. The study aimed to investigate the impact of an evidence-based educational program on improving skin-to-skin contact guidelines for mothers and babies during the first hour after birth.
Materials & Methods: The study's evidence was obtained by combining the results of qualitative research and a systematic review, and an expert panel was held using the Delphi technique. Based on Kern's model, the intervention was designed by combining the results and evidence from the main study. The semi-experimental study, with pre-and post-design, was conducted on 74 midwives in the delivery rooms of two hospitals in Urmia. All the midwives in the delivery room participated in the study. The participants in the study completed the researcher-made questionnaire in three stages. Repeated measurement tests and the Bonferroni coefficient were used for data analysis using SPSS software version 17.0.
Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 32.6 years. The majority of midwives (95.5%) had bachelor's degrees. The results showed an increase in the mean score of knowledge among midwives (p < 0.001), an increase in the mean score of attitude (p = 0.006), and an increase in the mean score of performance (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results an evidence-based educational intervention based on Kern's model can significantly increase midwives' knowledge, attitude, and performance in the delivery room in establishing skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn.