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  Background & Aims: Loneliness is one of the major psychosocial concerns among patients with cancer. Diagnosis, acute treatment and complications of breast cancer may create experience of loneliness. Hope is an essential factor in the lives of cancer patients. Realistic hope, felt with the awareness of the problem, is an important factor for coping with the problems of the patient in an efficient manner. Social support is an important aspect of modern cancer cares. Social support plays a major role in adaptation with chronic and serious illnesses, such as cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimension of social support on hope and loneliness in patients with breast cancer.  Material and Methods: The method of study was descriptive-correlation. 100 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and enter to study. The data were collected with GHQ, Miller Hope Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Social Support Questionnaire -Sarason . Data were analyzed with using Pearson correlation.   Results: A positive relationship existed between social support and hope (r = 0/88) and negatively associated with loneliness (r = - 0/91). A negative correlation between hope and loneliness was found (r = - 0/93) (p

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Background & Aims: Poor sleep quality and loneliness in the elderly are associated with many physical and mental disorders, lead to increased demand of healthcare services. The living environment also affects these issues. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the association between loneliness and sleep quality in older adults with a focus on their living environment in Tabriz. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 400 older adults residing in families or nursing homes in Tabriz, Iran. The participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and loneliness scale were used in collecting data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the data as well. Results: The loneliness score in older adults living in families is significantly lower than nursing homes residents, and the level of sleep quality in older adults living in families is significantly higher that elderly residents in nursing homes in Tabriz as well (p

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Background & Aims: Loneliness is a painful mood and appears when it would have distanced between interpersonal relationships that one wants to have and the relationships that he currently has .The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of transactional analysis couples therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of injured women from infidelity. Materials & Methods: This research is applied and in terms of design, semi-experimental and in the form of pre-test, post-test and follow-up designed. The statistical population consisted of all women who referred to the family counseling center in Salmas in relation to the infidelity problem. The sample size consisted of 20 women who were voluntarily selected from among the community and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group educated, 8 individual sessions 90 minutes each week in two months, with TA process, and control group were not performed any education. Russell's sense of loneliness questionnaire was performed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.  Results: The results of study showed that teaching transactional analysis couple therapy could decrease the loneliness of injured women from infidelity and the result in follow up showed that the efficacy of transactional analysis couples therapy remained after two months. (P< 0/05) Conclusion: The efficacy of transactional analysis couples therapy (TACT) can play a significant role in decreasing of loneliness of injured women from infidelity and therapists can use that for treatment of decreasing of loneliness.  

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Background & Aims: Feeling of loneliness has a high prevalence among medical students and may affect their physical, mental, and social health. Identifying the factors associated with feeling of loneliness can provide the information needed to design the interventions needed to prevent it. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between lifestyle and loneliness of the students in Urmia university of medical science. Materials & Methods: The present study was a correlational study in which 510 students of different fields of Urmia University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling in 2019. Data were collected using the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA), and the Standard Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ). Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient test. Results: The prevalence of moderate and severe loneliness in this study was 33.5% and 40.3%, respectively. The results showed that from 510 people studied in this study, 89% of them had a strong-healthy lifestyle. The result of Spearman correlational test showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between lifestyle and loneliness (r = -26/26, P = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the need to pay attention to the state of loneliness and lifestyle in the students, identify situations and causes of intensification of this feeling in this age group, and set up intervention programs to reduce it.

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Background & Aims: Despite their widespread use among the general public, smartphones have adverse effects that lead to irreparable problems. The relationship between smartphone addiction with loneliness, fear of missing out (FOMO), and students' academic performance has always been the focus of studies. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction, loneliness, FOMO, and academic performance among students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and correlational study, 230 students entered the study using stratified sampling. Inclusion criteria included being a student in one of the majors at Urmia University of Medical Sciences, owning smartphones, and willingness to participate in the study. Data were collected through Pham and Taylor Academic Performance Questionnaire, Russell Loneliness Questionnaire, Prezibelski fear of missing out Questionnaire, and Kwon Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire. Inferential statistical tests such as Chi-square, Pearson, and Spearman correlation coefficients were also used to analyze the data. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that 100 (43.5%) students used smartphones for academic and educational use, and 130 (56.5%) students used them for non-academic purposes. The mean score for smartphone addiction and FOMO was moderate to high, and the mean score for the feeling of loneliness and students' academic performance was moderate. The correlation between smartphone addiction with loneliness and FOMO was significant and direct. However, smartphone addiction had a significant and inverse relationship with academic performance (p

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Background & Aim: One of the critical issues that are considered in women's health is loneliness, its causes, and correlated factors. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of loneliness among women in Urmia.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional correlational study, 220 married women living in Urmia were selected through cluster sampling. The UCLA loneliness questionnaire was used in addition to the demographic questionnaire to collect data in this research. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software as well as descriptive statistical tests (mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentage), and analytical (Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression) at a significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: The results showed that the minimum age of marriage for women was 12 years and the maximum age of marriage was 40 years. Also, the youngest married woman was 19 years old and the oldest one was 60 years old. Furthermore, the minimum age of the spouses of the participants was 24 and the maximum age was 67 years. A step-by-step multiple linear regression model also revealed that variables of Husband's lack of employment (ß=21.399), women’s occupation (ß=5.862), religion (ß=3.012), type of residence (ß=2.639) and spouse's age (ß=0,163) had the largest contribution in the sensitive prediction of loneliness. The regression model excluded other demographic variables.
Conclusion: This study shows that demographic variables such as husband's lack of employment, women's occupation, type of residence, spouse's age, and religion have the greatest contribution in predicting married women's feeling of loneliness. It is recommended that in order to strengthen the family, importance should be given to pre-marriage counseling and the right criteria for choosing a spouse. However, it seems necessary to design counseling services in comprehensive health centers for this group so that counselors can teach married women how to overcome loneliness and improve the quality of marital relationships.

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Background & Aims: Hope is one of the most critical components for mothers with disabled children. The present study aimed to predict life expectancy based on care burden, loneliness, and social adjustment in mothers who have children with cerebral palsy in Khorram Abad city.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive research was cross-sectional and correlational design. The study population includes all mothers with children with cerebral palsy who had a medical record in the welfare centers of Khorram Abad City in 2019. In this study, 50 mothers were selected using convenience sampling methods. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 19 software.
Results: The results showed significant negative correlations between care burden and loneliness with life expectancy and a significant positive correlation between social adjustment and life expectancy in women who have children with cerebral palsy (P ≤0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that research variables can explain 54% of life expectancy variance.
Conclusion: It can be said that in the women with children with cerebral palsy, the lower the pressure of caring and the feeling of loneliness, the higher their social adaptation and life expectancy. Thus, welfare organizations should use strategies to increase the life expectancy of these women.