2024-03-29T11:11:42+03:30 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=66&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
66-2400 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 ASSESSMENT FREQUENCY OF STRESSORS IN CLINICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN NURSING & MIDWIFERY FACULTY Soheila Ahangarzadeh Rezaei sorezayee@yahoo.com rogieh Esmaeili Hossein habibzadeh   Assessment frequency of stressors in clinical education of students in Nursing & Midwifery Faculty     Ahangarzadeh Rezaee S [1] *, Esmaeili zabihi R [2] , Habibzadeh H [3]     Received:20 Nov, 2014 Accepted: 29 Dec, 2014    Abstract Background & Aim: Stress is one of the essential problems in clinical education that can be an obstacle on the way of nursing education and affects its efficiency so for preventing its outcomes, stressors should be known and eliminated. The purpose of this study is assessing stressors in clinical education of Nursing & Midwifery students in Urmia.   Materials & Methods: In this descriptive correlational study 146 Nursing & Midwifery students were selected via census in Urmia and entered the study with purpose of determining stressors in clinical study. For collect the data two-part questionnaire was used. The first part includes 20 questions related to demo-graphic data and the second part of the researcher-made questionnaire was related to stressors in five domains. Psychometric tools was made by content validity method and reliability test (Cronbach's alpha). Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16). Descriptive, mean (standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used in this study.  Results : Participants in the present study were 146 students, 70.5% female and 91.1% single with the average age of 21.32% ± 1.64 years old. 63% were nursing students and 47% were Midwifery students 78.8% were living in dormitories. The most stressors with order concludes in the domain of humiliating conflicts (reminder of the master in the presence of patient or his family) in the domain of stressors in educational environment( loss of welfare utilities in the department) in the domain of clinical stressors( seeing unwell patients in persecution) in the domain of unpleasant feelings( being worried about transfer of contagious illnesses) and in the domain of interpersonal relationships( being unfair of treatment team about you and other students)  Conclusion: According to the results of the present study it seems that determining clinical stressful resources and the ways of confronting it are the most important program in managing the stress of the students to be stable and apprentice in their jobs after graduation. So it is suggested that people in charge of Nursing & Midwifery faculties hold in-service training educational workshops and make committees to make and improve the skills of the masters for reducing the stress of environments.  KeyWord: Stressors, clinical education, students     Address : Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran   Tel:(+98)4432754961   Email: sorezayee@yahoo.com   [1] PhD in Nursing, instructor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences (Corresponding Author)  [2] Lecturer, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences   [3] Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Stressors clinical education students 2015 4 01 1 8 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2400-en.pdf
66-1376 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 PATHOLOGY OF "CLINICAL EDUCATION" FROM PERSPECTIVE OF NURSING STUDENTS: A QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS Ahmad Izadi A.izadi88@gmail.com Mohammad Torabi m.torabi@sbmu.ac.ir Parkhideh Hasani p_hasani @sbmu.ac.ir khodayar oshvandi 0shvandi2004@yahoo.c0m  Pathology of "clinical education" from perspective of nursing students: A qualitative content analysis    Izadi A [1] , Torabi M [2] *, Hasani P [3] ,Oshvandi KH4     Received: 28 Dec , 2014 Accepted: 1 Mar , 2015   Abstract   Background & Aim: Promoting of the quality of nursing education involves continuous assessment of the current condition to correct the problems. The students who received educational services are the best source to recognize the existing problems in the education. This study aims to analyze clinical education" from the nursing students' perspective".   Materials & Methods: Analysis of this qualitative study is according to convention content analysis method. 14 senior nursing students were selected according to purposeful sampling and semi structure interviews were performed with using focus group.   Results: Using thematic analysis, a significant number of preliminary themes and six main themes with some sub-themes were emerged. Finally, 6 major themes were identified as the following: “Educational Planning”, “Interpersonal relationships”, “Coaches Performance”, “Education Facilities”, “Student Evaluation” and “Humiliating experiences”.   Conclusion: Boosting the clinical learning domains such as “ reviewing lesson plan”, “ Recruitment of competent instructors", "more controlling over the students education process ”, “professional relationship with the members of caring team”, “fitting of clinical education content and renovating the hospital environment into a favorable learning space to meet educational goals of nursing clerkship and their professional satisfaction were considered to be necessary.   Keywords: Clinical education, Nursing, Qualitative research, Content analysis     Address : Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.   Tel: (+98)2188655367   Email: m.torabi@sbmu.ac.ir   [1] Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology & Education, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran  [2] Ph.D Student of Nursing of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.(Corresponding author)  [3] Assistant Professor Department of Nursing of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.  4 Associate Professor Department of Nursing of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences    Clinical education Nursing Qualitative research Content analysis 2015 4 01 9 18 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1376-en.pdf
66-1723 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 THE EFFECT OF REFLECTIVE JOURNALING ON NURSING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING IN CLINICAL ACTIVITIES alireza nafei abdollah khorami markani khorami.abdolah@gmail.com Husein motarafi yosef Hagighi mogadam shahriar Sakhaei   the Effect of Reflective Journaling on Nursing Students' Critical Thinking in Clinical Activities     Nafei AR [1] , Khorami Markani A [2] *, Motearafi H [3] , Haghigi Moghadam Y [4] , Sakaei SH [5]     Received: 6 Dec , 2014 Accepted: 9 Feb , 2015  Abstract:  Background & Aim: Clinical learning activities are the heart of nursing programs, and reflective journaling as a suitable educational strategy in context of nursing students' clinical experiences can help nursing mentors to understand and evaluate students' clinical thinking skills. This study aimed to assess the effect of reflective journal on nursing baccalaureate program students’ critical thinking skills.   Materials & Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, 24 nursing students of the fifth semester are divided into experiment and control groups. Critical thinking in the two groups was assessed by California Critical Thinking Skills Form B (CCTS- Form B) in pre and post tests. The data were entered into the SPSS program, and they were analyzed by different statistical tests.   Results : The mean scores of experiment and control groups in post test were 10/75+_ 2/90, 9+_ 2/95 respectively. Significant difference was found in two groups by utilizing t test (df= 22, t= 2/08< P critical thinking reflective journaling nursing student practice work 2015 4 01 19 26 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1723-en.pdf
66-1741 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 EXPLORING FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SERVICES DELIVERY BASED ON CLIENT PERCEPTION: FINDING FROM A QUALITATIVE STUDY Davoud Khorasani Zavareh davoud.khorasani@gmail.com Faranak Mohammadlou f_mohammadlou@yahoo.com Maryam Bigdeli bigdeli_elaheh@yahoo.com   Exploring factors affecting quality of emergency department services delivery based on client perception: finding from a qualitative study     Khorasani Zavareh D [1] , Mahmoodlou F [2] *, Bidgoli M [3]     Received: 6 Nov, 2014 Accepted: 15 Jan , 2015   Abstract   Background & Aim: Nowadays, patients’ satisfaction as the center of health care takers is one of the most important factors to evaluate the efficiency of a healthcare system. Due to the importance and vital role of emergency department services, this study was designed to explore the quality of health care delivery from clients’ points of view in Urmia Shahid Motahari Hospital.   Materials & Methods: This is a qualitative approach using thematic content analysis method in which data collections were employed by means of face to face interview and observational field note during September 2011-October 2012. The selection of participants was based on purposeful and convenience sampling method among 17 clients in Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Thematic content analysis was employed to extract primary codes, categories, and sub-categories by the starting of the first interviews.   Results : The findings of this research showed that the most important factors influencing the quality of services were personnel’s behavior, the staff’s skills and their efficiency, long time of emergency process, the crowd in emergency department and guidance of emergency clients.   Conclusion: Finding from this study indicated that in order to facilitate the quality of services, revising and correction of health care delivery processes, keeping continuous training of staffs in all fields, as well as public education campaign regarding the role of emergency department, and how it should be used are important needs.   Key words: Customer, Customer Satisfaction, Quality, Effectiveness, Patient Satisfaction Qualitative Research     Address: Faculty of Virtual Education, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran   Tel: (+98) 443 223 48 97   Email: f_mohammadlou@yahoo.com   [1] ResearchCenter forSocial factors affecting the health,Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran  [2] Faculty of Virtual Education, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding Author)  [3] ResearchCenter forSocial factors affecting the health,Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran Customer Customer Satisfaction Quality Effectiveness Patient Satisfaction Qualitative Research 2015 4 01 25 36 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1741-en.pdf
66-1729 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 THE EFFECT OF BRIEF SOLUTION-FOCUSED COUPLE THERAPY (BSFCT) APPROACH ON REDUCING COUPLE BURNOUT DIMENSIONS IN WOMEN reza davarniya rezadavarniya@yahoo.com kianoush zahrakar dr_zahrakar@yahoo.com alimohammad nazari amnazariy@yahoo.com   The Effect of Brief Solution-Focused Couple Therapy (BSFCT) Approach on Reducing Couple Burnout Dimensions in Women     Davarniya R [1] *, Zahrakar K [2] , Nazari AM [3]     Received: 21 Nov , 2014 Accepted: 21 Jan , 2015     Abstract   Background & Aim: Brief solution-focused therapy is a common treatment for a variety of counselors and therapists who can use it to reduce their marital problems. This therapeutic approach emphasizes on finding solutions by the authorities and therapists. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term, solution-focused couple therapy to reduce dimensions of marital burnout of married women.   Materials & Methods: Research method was semi experimental (pretest-posttest with control group). The study population consisted of all women who treated marital problems by referring into three of the counseling centers belonging to welfare organization, and mental health center in BOJNURD city. The sample consisted of 30 woman with higher scores who were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups ) each group of 15 people). The research instrument was the Pains couple burnout measure, 1996(CBM) . Brief solution-focused couple therapy was used for 7 sessions on experimental group, but the control group didn't receive any intervention. After completing of therapy sessions, both groups took the post test. Data analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS18statistical software.   Results: Covariance analysis showed that brief solution-focused couple therapy has been effective in reducing all three dimensions of physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion, and mental exhaustion.   Conclusion : The findings showed that the brief solution-focused couple therapy is effective in reducing couple burnout, and this treatment can be a good treatment option to reduce marital problems .   Keywords : Couple Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, Couple Burnout     Address: Alborz, Karaj, Kharazmi University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.   Tel :( +98)9155851629   Email: rezadavarniya@yahoo.com   [1] Ph.D Student in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Alborz , Iran (Corresponding author).   [2] Assistant Profes sor , Department of Counseling, F aculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Alborz , Iran   [3] Associate Professor , Department of Counseling , Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Alborz , Iran Couple Therapy Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Couple Burnout 2015 4 01 36 46 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1729-en.pdf
66-1837 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORAL LEADERSHIP AND PSYCHOLOGY SAFETY WITH RISK MANAGEMENT AMONG NURSES masoumeh talebi maryam shohoudi Laya_talebi@yahoo.com Farzaneh hamzezade   The study of relationship between moral leadership and psychology safety with risk management among nurses     Talebi M [1] ,Shohoudi M [2] *, Hamzezadeh F [3]     Received: 9 Nov , 2014 Accepted: 9 Jan , 2015     Abstract   Background & Aim: Behavioral leader as a pervasive and modern issue in leader outlook has been devoted to the role of morality in organization which has essential consequences for the creation and improvement of individual effectiveness and organization. This study aims at finding the relationship between moral leadership and psychology safety with risk management among nurses.   Materials & Methods: The method of research was correlation-descriptive, and all nursing staff in three public hospitals were used as a statistical population (n=300). Using a randomization sampling, 168 persons were selected to answer the questionnaires. Three tools (questionnaire) were used for data collection and the reliability and validity of the tools were also tested. The data analysis was done by structural equation model.   Results: The findings of the study indicated that moral leadership and psychology safety (standard coefficient 24%, value t=2/65) have a positive and significant relationship with risk management (standard coefficient 41%, value t=4/25). The mediation role of psychology safety between risk management and moral leadership was confirmed as well.   Conclusion: In sum, with an emphasis on ethical behaviors and leadership-based ethics in hospitals, along with an appropriate context to improve psychology safety, risk management would be improved in nurses. The results are discussed as far as ethical issues are concerned to be useful in hospitals.   Key words: moral leadership, psychology safety, risk management     Address: Department of Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University   Tel: (+98) 4433662010   Email: laya_talebi@yahoo.com   [1] PHD student in educational management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Iran   [2] PHD student in educational management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Iran (Corresponding Author)  [3] M.A of educational management, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Iran moral leadership psychology safety risk management 2015 4 01 47 54 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1837-en.pdf
66-1851 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL-BASED SELF-ESTEEM ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT WITH JOB SATISFACTION AND AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT Parisa Hosseini kohkamari p.hoseini65@yahoo.com Alireza Mashallahi Alireza_mashalahi66@yahoo.com Rahim bagaie rbaghaei2001@yahoo.com   Mediating role of organizational-based self-esteem on THE RELATIONSHIP of perceived organizational support with job satisfaction and affective commitment     Hosseini Kokamari P [1] , Mashalahi AR [2] , Bagaei R [3] *     Received: 22 Nov , 2014 Accepted: 23 Jan , 2015     Abstract:   Background & Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational-based self-esteem on the relationship of perceived organizational support with job satisfaction and affective commitment.   Materials & Methods: The sample consisted of 240 nurses of Ahvaz Hospitals, who were selected by random sampling method. They were assessed by perceived organizational support, organizational-based self-esteem, affective commitment, and job satisfaction scales. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), and applying SPSS-18 and Amos-18 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using bootstrap procedure in Spss Macro program for mediation effect.   Results: The findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data properly.   Conclusion: The results also supported the mediating role of organizational-based self-esteem in the relationship of perceived organizational support with job satisfaction and affective commitment.   Keywords : perceived organizational support, organizational self-esteem, job satisfaction, affective commitment, nurse     Address: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran   Tel:(+98)4432754961   Email : rbaghaei2001@yahoo.com   [1] PhD student in health education and health promotion, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran  [2] Msc in Nursing   [3] Assistant Professor of of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Sciences perceived organizational support organizational self-esteem job satisfaction affective commitment nurse 2015 4 01 55 63 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1851-en.pdf
66-1869 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 PROFESSIONAL AND EXTRA- PROFESSIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF IRANIAN STUDENT NURSES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi mdinmohammadi@yahoo.com Amir Jalali Hamid Peyrovi   Professional and extra- professional factors affecting professional socialization of Iranian student nurses: A qualitative study     Dinmohammadi MR [1] *, Jalali A [2] , Peyrovi H [3]     Received: 22 Nov , 2014 Accepted: 30 Jan , 2015  Abstract Background & Aim: A lot of various factors influence professional socialization of nursing students. Consistency and compatibility between the expectations of these factors facilitate the socialization process. This paper aimed to report part of a main study, and it introduces the factors and the conditions affecting professional socialization of Iranian BSN students.  Materials & Methods: The data were collected from 12 BSN students in two large nursing and midwifery schools and two new graduated students. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants during their clinical placements and after graduation. The data were analyzed using the Straussian version (1998) of grounded theory method and the technique of constant comparative analysis.  Results : Professional (educational settings, educational programs and human factors such as educators, care providers, patients and classmates) and extra-professional (society, media, family, friends and personal predispositions) factors and conditions abstracted and introduced as the context and structure affecting the professional socialization of nursing students. The impact of professional factors with varying degrees on professional socialization of students was generally direct and obvious throughout the educational course. Extra-Professional factors had often indirect and hidden influence starting before the initiation of the course and eased up over the years.  Conclusion: The study findings showed that the socialization of the students rested on the direct or indirect effects of the professional and extra-professional factors. The interaction between the students and these factors determined their socialization in the nursing profession. Keywords: Professional factors Socialization Student nurse Qualitative study    Address: Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zanjan, Iran   Tel: (+98) 9123411908   Email: mdinmohammadi@zums.ac.ir   [1] Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (Corresponding Author)  [2] Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran  [3] Professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Professional factors Socialization Student nurse Qualitative study 2015 4 01 64 74 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1869-en.pdf
66-1967 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF JOB PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE STAFF OF THE NURSING AND THE OPERATING ROOM BY REBA TECHNIQUE yosra Azizpour A. li Delpisheh Rohollah Maghsoodi Moghadam maghsudi20@yahoo.com  Ergonomic evaluation of job performance within the staff of the nursing and the operating room by REBA technique     Azizpour Y [1] , Delpisheh A [2] , MaghsoodiMoghadamR [3] *     Received: 30 Nov , 2014 Accepted: 30 Feb , 2015   Abstract:   Background & Aims: One of the most important health problems in hospital staff is musculoskeletal disorder that is very important in profession s such as Nursing . The diagnosis of being afflicted by these disorders can be performed using the state of job performance. This study has been done among the nurses and operating room staff of the teaching hospital s of Ilam city , in 2012.   Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-sectional (Cohort) study which is done among 45 nursing personnel , and 45 the operating room personnel. Nordic Standard questionnaires and REBA (to assess the posture ) are used to perform the study. The data collected were analyzed by using SPSS-16 and the T-test, ANOVA and X2.   Results: The disorders related to waist are the most prevalent among the personnel of operating room and the nursing with 46.7% and 56.7% respectively. There is a significant relationship between operating room sample and nursing with regard to the points obtained for the upper body, feet, neck, arms, and forearms and total point of REBA (P Ergonomic Staff of Nursing ;amp Operating Room REBA 2015 4 01 75 83 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1967-en.pdf
66-2043 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS’ PREFERRED LEARNING STYLES IN URMIA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 1392 davoud rasouli rasouli_d@umsu.ac.ir amin soheili yousef mohammadpour farzad zareiee Marzieh Ebrahimi  NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS' PREFERRED LEARNING STYLES IN URMIA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 1392    Rasouli D [1] , Soheili A [2] , Mohamadpour Y [3] , Zarei F [4] , Safaei Z [5]     Received: 30 Oct , 2014 Accepted: 10 Jan, 2015  Abstract Background & Aims: Scientific achievement of the students is the aim of education in universities and accordingly considering the style which students learn through it, will have a key role in promoting quality of education and achieving educational goals. This study aimed to determine nursing and midwifery students' preferred learning styles in Urmia University of Medical Sciences.  Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 nursing and midwifery students of the 2nd year by census method. Data collecting instrument was the VARK learning style questionnaire that its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Finally after entering the collected data to the SPSS (19) software, data analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.  Results: Prioritization of the preferred learning styles of students was as the following : Visual (the most common learning style), and Kinesthetic (the least common learning style) that used by students participated in this study. The other results indicated that there is no statistically significant correlation between learning styles with gender, field of study and the students’ interest in their discipline (P Learning style Nursing students Midwifery students Education 2015 4 01 84 89 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2043-en.pdf
66-1722 2024-03-29 10.1002
Nursing And Midwifery Journal Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2717-0306 2717-0306 10.52547/unmf 2015 13 1 THE STUDY OF SOME INTERVENTIONS DURING LABOR IN PREGNANT WOMEN WHO DELIVERED IN SOME WEST AZERBAYJAN HOSPITALS soheila Rabieipoor soheila80@yahoo.com maryam mesgarzade  The study of some interventions during labor in pregnant women who delivered in some west azerbayjan hospitals    Rabiepour S [1] *, Mesgarzadeh M [2]     Received: 11 Nov , 201 4 Accepted: 1 9 Mar , 201 5     Abstract:   Background & Aim: In the past two decades, medicine has brought healthy and safe midwifery for high risk fetus and mothers, but the question is whether it is necessary to have routine intervention in low-risk pregnancies .   This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study population included all birth records in the medical records department of Motahari and Imam Reza hospitals in Urmia, and Imam Khomeini hospital in Piranshahr in the first quarter of 1390.   Materials & Methods: A checklist was prepared by the researcher to collect the data that i nclude d information about maternal age, reproductive characteristics such as pregnancy and childbirth, motherhood, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and some interventions in natural processes such as doing cesarean section, episiotomy and perineal lacerations caused during delivery, sondag, opening the way for giving intravenous fluids, stimulat ing or induction of labor, electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in labor . A total of 3303 records were reviewed , and the data were extracted by checklist. The d ata were analyzed by SPSS statistical software by using of descriptive statistical tests.   Results : The results showed that a total of 1895 out of 3303 (57/4%) cases delivered vaginal ly, and the others 1408 (42/6%) were done cesarean delivery. Frequency of induction and stimulation through vaginal labor was 15/4% , while among women who had delivered vaginally only 31/5% of them was intact perineum after childbirth.   Conclusion: Statistics in the context show that interventions during labor is much higher than World Health Organization standards. It seems that unnecessary use of medical technology in low-risk pregnancies increases the risk of unnecessary interventions during childbirth including caesarean section.   Keywords: unnecessary interventions, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, episiotomy     Address: Reproductive Health Research Center , Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran.   Tel: (+98)4432754961   Email: soheila80@yahoo.com   [1] Assistant Professor, Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. (Corresponding Author)   [2] Instructor, Department of Midwifery , Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran unnecessary interventions vaginal delivery cesarean section episiotomy 2015 4 01 90 99 http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-1722-en.pdf