The Nursing and Midwifery Journal is the official, peer-reviewed scientific publication of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Its primary objective is to motivate, enhance, and contribute to the development of the nursing and midwifery body of knowledge. The journal serves as a platform for nursing and midwifery researchers, educators, and practitioners interested in theoretical or applied aspects of their profession. The journal welcomes submissions of Original Papers, Review Articles, Short Communications, Letters to the Editor, and Case Reports, covering a broad range of areas, including basic science and medicine