Volume 20, Issue 6 (September 2022)
Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2022, 20(6): 479-488 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nourizadeh R, Fartash F, Sattarzadeh N, Molaee G, Mohaddes M, Abdoli-Najmi L. COMPARISON OF THE SUPPORTIVE EFFECT OF A DOULA WITH A SELECTED TRAINED COMPANION DURING CHILDBIRTH ON THE FEAR AND SATISFACTION OF CHILDBIRTH IN TEENAGE MOTHERS. Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2022; 20 (6) :479-488
URL: http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4552-en.html
URL: http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4552-en.html
Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh1 
, Fereshte Fartash2 , Niloufar Sattarzadeh1 , Golnaz Molaee3 , Mahnaz Mohaddes4 , Leila Abdoli-Najmi * 5
, Fereshte Fartash2 , Niloufar Sattarzadeh1 , Golnaz Molaee3 , Mahnaz Mohaddes4 , Leila Abdoli-Najmi * 5
1- Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2- Master of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3- Midwifery expert, Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4- Master of Management, Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5- Midwifery PhD student, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,leilanajmi97@gmail.com
2- Master of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3- Midwifery expert, Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4- Master of Management, Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5- Midwifery PhD student, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,
Abstract: (1619 Views)
Background & Aims: Considering the relationship between the mother's young age and the fear of childbirth, the need for emotional support during labor is greater in teenage mothers than in older ones. This study aimed to compare the supportive effect of a doula during childbirth with a selected trained companion on the fear and satisfaction of childbirth in teenage mothers.
Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 primigravid teenage mothers who referred to Taleghani educational-therapeutic center, affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of doula support (intervention) and selected companion support (control) during the active phase of labor up to two hours after delivery. The data collection tools included demographic and midwifery characteristics, Wijma's fear of childbirth questionnaire, McKay's childbirth satisfaction scale, and mothers' childbirth records. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software using chi-square and ANCOVA tests.
Results: The mean score of fear of birth was 64.11±20.1 in the doula group and 73.26±20.5 in the selected companion group; the difference between two groups was no significant (MD: -9.15, CI 95%: -19.9 to 1.65, p=0.1). However, the level of satisfaction with childbirth in the intervention group (73±14.7) was significantly higher than the control group (63.4±6) (MD: 9.6, CI 95%: 3.6 -15.6, p =0. 003).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the presence of a doula on reducing the fear of childbirth and on increasing the satisfaction of teenage mothers, it is suggested that the support by a doula be considered as one of the interventions of the Labor Department in teenager mothers.
Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 primigravid teenage mothers who referred to Taleghani educational-therapeutic center, affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of doula support (intervention) and selected companion support (control) during the active phase of labor up to two hours after delivery. The data collection tools included demographic and midwifery characteristics, Wijma's fear of childbirth questionnaire, McKay's childbirth satisfaction scale, and mothers' childbirth records. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software using chi-square and ANCOVA tests.
Results: The mean score of fear of birth was 64.11±20.1 in the doula group and 73.26±20.5 in the selected companion group; the difference between two groups was no significant (MD: -9.15, CI 95%: -19.9 to 1.65, p=0.1). However, the level of satisfaction with childbirth in the intervention group (73±14.7) was significantly higher than the control group (63.4±6) (MD: 9.6, CI 95%: 3.6 -15.6, p =0. 003).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the presence of a doula on reducing the fear of childbirth and on increasing the satisfaction of teenage mothers, it is suggested that the support by a doula be considered as one of the interventions of the Labor Department in teenager mothers.
References
1. Kiani MA, Ghazanfarpour M, Saeidi M. Adolescent pregnancy: a health challenge. Int J Pediatr 2019;7(7):9749-52. [URL]
2. Azimi K. The trend of girl child marriage in Iran based on national census data. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2020;28(1):1820655. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2020.1820655. [DOI:10.1080/26410397.2020.1820655] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | Data [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 30]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.ADO.TFRT?page=1 [URL]
4. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Fear of childbirth: Predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the danish national birth cohort. Obstet Anesth Dig 2009;29(2):64-5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000350598.82205.a1. [DOI:10.1097/01.aoa.0000350598.82205.a1]
5. Smarandache A, Kim THM, Bohr Y, Tamim H. Predictors of a negative labour and birth experience based on a national survey of Canadian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016;16(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0903-2. [DOI:10.1186/s12884-016-0903-2] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Bruggemann OM, Parpinelli MA, Osis MJD, Cecatti JG, Neto ASC. Support to woman by a companion of her choice during childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Health 2007;4(1):5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-4-5. [DOI:10.1186/1742-4755-4-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Letourneau NL, Stewart MJ, Barnfather AK. Adolescent mothers: Support needs, resources, and support-education interventions. JAdolesc Health 2004;35(6):509-25. [DOI:10.1016/S1054-139X(04)00069-2]
8. Ganchimeg T, Ota E, Morisaki N, Laopaiboon M, Lumbiganon P, Zhang J, et al. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2014;121 Suppl 1:40-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12630. [DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.12630] [PMID]
9. 9 World Health Organization: Adolescent pregnancy 2014. URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/[accessed 2015-12-01][WebCite Cache ID 6lSXj8wfW]. [URL]
10. Coley SL, Nichols TR. Understanding factors that influence adolescent mothers' doula use: A qualitative study. J Perinat Educ 2016;25(1):46-55. [DOI:10.1891/1058-1243.25.1.46] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. James S, Van Rooyen D, Juanita Strümpher D. Experiences of teenage pregnancy among Xhosa families. Midwifery 2012;28(2):190-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.midw.2011.04.003] [PMID]
12. Waldenström U, Hildingsson I, Ryding E-L. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;113(6):638-46. [DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00950.x] [PMID]
13. Hosseini VM, Nazarzadeh M, Jahanfar S. Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Women Birth 2018;31(4):254-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.wombi.2017.10.007] [PMID]
14. Sadat Z. Reasons for elective cesarean section in Iranian women. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2014;3(3):e22502. [DOI:10.17795/nmsjournal22502]
15. Shirzad M, Shakibazadeh E, Hajimiri K, Betran AP, Jahanfar S, Bohren MA, et al. Prevalence of and reasons for women's, family members', and health professionals' preferences for cesarean section in Iran: a mixed-methods systematic review. Reprod 2021;18(1):1-30. [DOI:10.1186/s12978-020-01047-x] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Størksen HT, Garthus‐Niegel S, Vangen S, Eberhard‐Gran M. The impact of previous birth experiences on maternal fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;92(3):318-24. [DOI:10.1111/aogs.12072] [PMID]
17. Pazzagli C, Laghezza L, Capurso M, Sommella C, Lelli F, Mazzeschi C. Antecedents and consequences of fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women: Fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Infant Ment Health J 2015;36(1):62-74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21483. [DOI:10.1002/imhj.21483] [PMID]
18. Mokhtari F, Mousavi SS, Nourizadeh R, Hakimi S, Mehrabi E. Childbirth satisfaction in women with psychological traumatic childbirth. Int J Womens Health 2021;9(4):1-5. Doi: 10.15296/ijwhr. 2021. [DOI:10.15296/ijwhr.2023.03]
19. Çapik A, Durmaz H. Fear of childbirth, postpartum depression, and birth-related variables as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2018;15(6):455-63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12326. [DOI:10.1111/wvn.12326] [PMID]
20. Räisänen S, Lehto SM, Nielsen HS, Gissler M, Kramer MR, Heinonen S. Fear of childbirth predicts postpartum depression: a population-based analysis of 511 422 singleton births in Finland. BMJ Open 2013;3(11):e004047. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004047] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Kordi M, Andaroon N, Kimiaei S, Esmaeily H. The effect of individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. J Educ Health Promot 2017;6(1):97. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_172_16. [DOI:10.4103/jehp.jehp_172_16] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Everson CL, Cheyney M, Bovbjerg ML. Outcomes of care for 1,892 doula-supported adolescent births in the United States: The DONA international data project, 2000 to 2013. J Perinat Educ 2018;27(3):135-47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.3.135. [DOI:10.1891/1058-1243.27.3.135] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Kozhimannil KB, Hardeman RR, Attanasio LB, Blauer-Peterson C, O'Brien M. Doula care, birth outcomes, and costs among Medicaid beneficiaries. Am J Public Health 2013;103(4):e113-21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301201. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301201] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Rezaei R, Beheshti Z, Sharif Nia H, Saatsaz S. Comparing the Effects of Standard Maternity Care and Continuous Support by Doula Midwife and Female Relatives during Labor. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2020;30(184):94-105. [Google Scholar]
25. Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A, FaghihZadeh S, Vafaei M, Rousta F, et al. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. J Arak Univ Med Sci 2008;11(3):29-36. [Google Scholar]
26. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1998;19(2):84-97. [DOI:10.3109/01674829809048501] [PMID]
27. Mortazavi F. Validity and reliability of the Farsi version of Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Electron Physician 2017;9(6):4606-15. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/4606. [DOI:10.19082/4606] [PMID] [PMCID]
28. Moudi Z, Tavousi M. Evaluation of Mackey childbirth satisfaction rating scale in Iran: What are the psychometric properties? Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016;5(2):e29952. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal29952. [DOI:10.17795/nmsjournal29952] [PMID] [PMCID]
29. Iranian National Program on Safe Motherhood, Integrated Care on Mother's Health, Outside hospital services Guide. 2010. [URL]
30. Larsson B, Karlström A, Rubertsson C, Hildingsson I. The effects of counseling on fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015;94(6):629-36. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12634. [DOI:10.1111/aogs.12634] [PMID]
31. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducation intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth 2014;41(4):384-94. [DOI:10.1111/birt.12136] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Campbell D, Scott KD, Klaus MH, Falk M. Female relatives or friends trained as labor doulas: outcomes at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Birth 2007;34(3):220-7. [DOI:10.1111/j.1523-536X.2007.00174.x] [PMID]
33. Khresheh R. Support in the first stage of labour from a female relative: the first step in improving the quality of maternity services. Midwifery 2010;26(6):e21-e4. [DOI:10.1016/j.midw.2008.11.003] [PMID]
34. Kashanian M, Javadi F, Haghighi MM. Effect of continuous support during labor on duration of labor and rate of cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010;109(3):198-200. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.11.028] [PMID]
35. Mousavi SS, Nourizadeh R, Mokhtari F, Hakimi S, Babapour J, Mousavi S. Determinants of Postpartum Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study. Crescent J Med Biol Sci 2020;7(2):254-9. [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Contact Information
Address: Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Research and Technology,Djahad Ave.,
Urmia-5714783734, IRAN
P.O. Box: 1138,
Tel: 044 - 331937224
Fax: 044 - 32240642
E-Mail:
j.nur.mid
gmail.com, unmfumsu.ac.ir