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The role of pethidine in neonatal-related complications is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pethidine on physiological parameters of newborns of non-emergency cesarean section mothers by spinal anesthesia in Amir al-Momenin Hospital of Gherash in 2017. Materials & Methods: This experimental clinical trial study was performed on 116 neonates whose mothers underwent non-emergency cesarean section by spinal anesthesia. Study subjects were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups with binary blocks design. Intervention consisted of routine care (100 mg of diclofenac suppository) in the control group and the single dose of 100 mg pethidine was given intravenously in the experimental group by the anesthesiologist.  The physiological parameters of neonates in both groups were recorded by the researcher and her assistant within 48 hours of hospitalization. Results: Despite the fact that the mean heart rate of neonates in the experimental group (141.12) within the first 48 hours after birth was higher than that of the control group (40.41), the results of the independent t-test did not show any significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean of neonatal heart rate (p = 0.354) and the percentage of arterial blood oxygen (p = 0.580). The mean of respiratory rate within the 48 hours after birth in the control group was higher than that of the pethidine group (p = 116). The mean of body temperature of infants in the two groups was negligible (p = 0.335). Conclusion: The single dose of pethidine had no significant effect on the physiological parameters of newborns of non-emergency cesarean mothers by spinal method.

Keywords: pethidine, physiological parameters, non-emergency cesarean section

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